Effects of Obesity on the Motor Development of Children Essay

Obesity in the United States has become an epidemic. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010), one out of every three people in the United States are now overweight or obese. Additionally, one out of every three children between the ages of 10 and 17 are not at a healthy weight (CDC, 2010). America is officially the fattest country in the world, topping Mexico and the United Kingdom by more than six percent of the population (CDC, 2010). These frightening statistics have many consequences for American citizens, especially the youth. This paper will explore the effects of childhood obesity on motor development, as well as ways in which motor development can be influenced to lower the obesity rate in children.†¦show more content†¦One must understand what motor development is in order to comprehend how overweight and obesity are involved. Obesity and overweight are categories of the human body type that are based on what is considered a â€Å"healthy† weight. This standard is established using the body mass index (BMI), which can be calculated using height and weight to estimate how much of a person’s weight comes from body fat. A healthy individual’s BMI is between 19 and 25 (CDC, 2010). A person with a BMI above 25 is considered overweight and above 30 is obese (CDC, 2010). Overweight and obesity are linked with motor development through Newell’s Model of Constraints, which includes individual, environmental, and task constraints. According to Newell’s model, a person’s weight is a structural individual constraint that could affect a person’s performance on a task (Payne Isaacs, 2008). Although weight is a structural constraint that may influence performance, it does not necessarily affect the development of motor skills. Supporting Research Research has shown that there is a direct link between overweight and motor development in infants. For example, in 2010, Slining, Adair, Goldman, Borja, and Bentley found that overweight and obese infants exhibited a lower level of motor development than their healthy weight counterparts. MoreShow MoreRelatedIs Entertainment Technology Beneficial?902 Words   |  4 Pagesso has a negative side effect to the conveniences of it. These negative outcomes have disrupted the agenda for youth as well as children and infants. â€Å"It takes two full years for a baby s brain to develop to the point where the symbols on the screen come to represent their equivalents in the real world† (Healthy Children). Exposure to entertainment technology from the age’s birth to two years of age has negative effects. These effects include delayed cognitive development, language, social emotionalRead MoreDevelopmental Tasks Of Adolescence And Development871 Words   |  4 PagesPhysical dev elopment, motor development, Cognitive development, information processing, and language development. Each child will undergo different physical changes in development according to our text Development Through The Lifespan, â€Å"Children grow slower in early childhood and they become longer and leaner† (216). Growth centers will emerge within the skeleton and as baby fat falls off, children gradually become thinner. Along with physical development the skeletal growth and brain development increasesRead MoreObesity and Physical Activity in Schools1476 Words   |  6 Pagesthus having an effect on the prevalence of obesity and related illnesses in society. â€Å"Obesity is increasing steeply in Australia† ( Magarey, A. M., Daniels, L. A. and Boulton, T. J. 2001) â€Å"and almost 25% of children are affected† (Booth, Wake, Armstrong, Chey, Hesketh, and Mathur.2001). So why is physical activity so important for children and what age is instilling positive habits most beneficial? What roles do teachers of today play in addressing and preventing obesity in our children and what areRead MoreMalnutrition As Defined By Groark Song843 Words   |  4 Pagesin early childhood, which can lead to obesity (Groark Song, 2012). The short term effects of malnutrition are more noticeable in early childhood education settings in the form of behavioral and mental health issues. A poorly nourished child may become disruptive or extremely withdrawn in the school setting, which can negatively affect their learning as well as the learning of their classmates (Groark Song, 2012). Micronutrient deficiency is a major effect of malnutrition. Iron Deficiency AnemiaRead Moreeffects of technology on children1279 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY ON CHILDREN In today’s world Technology is everywhere. We use computers for almost everything in everyday life, including â€Å"babysitting† our children. Computers can have both positive and negative effects on children, while some of the negative effects on health and development are unseen. As adults, we understand the physical world around us and the concepts inside computer programs. Children, on the other hand, need to learn this with traditionalRead MorePhysical Activity in Primary School Children Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesPhysical activity is crucial for a child’s development and lays the foundation for a healthy and active life. Children are becoming overweight and obese due to poor food choices and an increasing sedentary lifestyle (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010). High calorie food and increased indoor activity, such as watching television or computer games, are fuelling the unhealthy lifestyle epidemic in children. Physical activity in middle childhood, ( 8 to12 year olds), is a crucial component in addressing and preventingRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children And The Dangers Associated With This Rise1438 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussing the recent increase of obesity rates in children and the dangers associated with this rise. The research focused specifically on children who had survived cancer and later developed obesity, causing more complications in their health. This rise of obesity in child cancer survivors has been linked to numerous potential factors causing an increase in the possibility of developing this disease. The potential factors that increase the risk of childhood obesity in cancer survivors include, treatmentRead MoreEssay on Preventing Childhood Obesity in Australia1427 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction â€Å"During the past two decades, the prevalence of obesity in children has risen greatly worldwide. Obesity in childhood causes a wide range of serious complications, and increases the risk of premature illness and death later in life, raising public-health concerns.† (Ebbeling, Pawlak Ludwig, 2002 p.471) Currently in the Australian community and schools there is an obesity epidemic in young people with many children doing less and less physical activity then advised. â€Å"In 2007-08 theRead MoreThe Importance of Physical Activity Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe teaching profession plays a fundamental role in educating children. Some of which include physical activity Teachers engage in many roles in student’s learning, some of which are more challenging and important than others and all which contribute to a child’s development. The process of childhood development is dynamic, recognised by various fields including the influential society, inherited characteristics through genetics, and the psychological behaviour of the child. These fields all playRead MoreThe Effects Of Outdoor Play On Children1120 Words   |  5 PagesOutdoor Play In today’s society, we have increasing numbers of obesity in children. Researchers are trying to find the answer as to why this is happening. The sad part is, no one has looked at the numbers of how much time a child spends outside has decreased over the last decade. We have increasing numbers of technology being produced on the market and fail to look at how technology has harmed humans in a biological sense. There has been evidence of blue-violet light, produced from smart phones

The Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini - 1908 Words

In the novel, â€Å"The Kite Runner†, written by Khaled Hosseini, was taken place in Afghanistan during the 1970’s to the year of 2002. Many historical events happened during this time period and Hosseini portrayed it into his novel. Kabul, the capitol of Afghanistan, was a free, living area for many Afghanistan families to enjoy the life they were given. Until one day, Afghanistan was then taken over and attacked. In the novel, Amir, the protagonist, must redeem himself and the history behind his actions because of his past decisions and make himself good again for the Afghanistan people. Khaled Hosseini was born on March 4th, 1965 in Kabul, Afghanistan. He was the oldest of five children. According to the article, â€Å"Khaled Hosseini†,†¦show more content†¦Amir is Pashtun and Hassan is Hazara. According to the article, â€Å"The Kite Runner: The Afghan Tragedy Goes Unexplained†, Pashtuns are Sunni Muslims while Hazaras are Shi’a Muslims. The Hazara have different appearances than Pashtun. â€Å"They called him â€Å"flat-nosed† because of Ali and Hassan’s characteristics Hazara Mongolid features† (Hosseini 8). The Hazara were Mogul descendants and their eyes were slightly slanted. This conflict happened in society when Abdur Rahman Khan became the king of Afghanistan. Khan did not like the Hazara people. He had a negative approach with them and gave them all a tough time living in Afghanistan. If Baba never let Ali and Hassan live with them on their property, then Ali and Hassan would be living in the Kazarasjat M ountains. A place that no one wants to be living. Baba and Ali are half-brothers. They kept that a secret from everyone for a long period of time. Since Hassan and Amir were best friends, when they would go out to fly their kites or just go out to play and read on rocks, the Pashtuns kids would look at Amir and wonder why he was friends with a Hazara boy. In the novel, a Pashtun boy and his friends ask Amir why he is friends with a Hazara boy. If Hassan never lived with Amir, they would have never been friends. Amir does not find out until later on in the story that him and Hassan are actually related. He finds out when he gets the phone call to come back to Afghanistan.Show MoreRelatedThe Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini883 Words   |  4 Pagesregret from past encounters and usually feel guilty and bitter about the situation. The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, revolves around the theme of redemption. Redemption can be used as a cure for guilt. Throughout the novel, the author sh ows that redemption requires some sort of sacrifice and the only way that is possible is if you can forgive yourself from the mistakes you have made in the past. Khaled Hosseini effectively portrays redemption through motifs such as rape, irony and flashbacks, symbolismRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1651 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel â€Å"The Kite Runner† by Khaled Hosseini describes the life of a boy, Amir. Amir’s best friend and brother (although that part isn’t known until towards the end), Hassan, plays a major role in Amir’s life and how he grows up. Hosseini portrays many sacrifices that are made by Hassan and Amir. Additionally, Amir seeks redemption throughout much of the novel. By using first person point of view, readers are able to connect with Amir and understand his pain and yearning for a way to be redeemedRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1655 Words   |  7 PagesSarah Singer Major Works Data Form Title: The Kite Runner Author: Khaled Hosseini Date of Publication: 2003 Genre: Historical Fiction Historical information about the period of publication: Since the September 11th attacks in 2001, the United States has been at war with Afghanistan. Their goals were to remove the Taliban, track down those in charge of the attacks, and destroy Al-Qaeda. Biographical information about the author: Khaled Hosseini was born in Kabul, Afghanistan, in 1965. HIs motherRead MoreThe Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini1098 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, we learn a lot about Amir the main character, and Hassan his servant/brother. In the beginning Hassan and Amir’s relationship was one of brotherly love despite the fact that Hassan was a Hazara and Amir a Pashtun. Back in the 1970’s race and religion played a big part in Kabul and these two races were not suppose to have relationships unless it was owner (Pashtun) and servant (Hazara). Baba Amir’s father had an affair with Hassan’s mother, but it was kept aRead MoreThe Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini1313 Words   |  5 Pagesis not unique to just J.K. Rowling. Khaled Hosseini also incorporates life experiences into some of his novels. A prime example of this is The Kite Runner. The storyline of this novel reflects his past to create a journey of a young Afghanistan boy, whose name is Amir. This boy changes drastically throughout his lifetime from a close minded, considerably arrogant boy to an open hearted and minded man. This emotional and mental trip is partially based on Khaled Hosseini’s own life. Throughout Hosseini’sRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1050 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"There is a way to be good again.† (Hosseini 334). This quote given by Rahim Khan to Amir holds a great amount of force and symbolism. In theory, this quote symbolizes the beginning of Amir’s path to redemption. The eye-opening Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini tells about the struggles of Afghanistan before and during the Taliban, and one’s struggle for redemption and acceptance. With regards to the opening quote, some see Amir’s actions as selfish. However, others may believe that Amir truly changedRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1583 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel the Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, Amir, the main character, shares his thoughts and actions due to his poor decisions. The problems he encountered were all because of the sin committed in his youth. His sins taunted the beginning of his life and gave him a troublesome memory full of guilt. As the novel continued, Amir attempted to disengage the memory of his sin and forget about it. Amir then faced the long bumpy road to redemption. Khaled Hosseini’s novel the Kite Runner is about sinRead MoreThe Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini871 Words   |  4 Pagesthat person is trying to fix that mistake. This also applies to the novel The Kite Runner. The story revolves around the main character Amir, and his childhood friend, Hassan. After Amir came to America with Baba, his father, he still regrets the things he had done to his childhood friend. He left Hassan getting raped by Assef in a small alley in 1975. Thereafter, Amir always feel regret and seeks for redemption. Hosseini -the author, argues that redemption can be achieved by helping others, teachRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini2522 Words   |  11 PagesIn The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini creates an awareness and humanization of Afghanistan as a nation and as a culture. Through a postcolonial perspective, the main character, Amir resembles the internal conflicts and external tribulations that a country and its citizens’ face when living in a war-torn region. Postcolonial criticism offers a unique perspective by highlighting the destructive events that lead to death and misery, rather than glorifying the exploratory nature of colonists as theyRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini3402 Words   |  14 Pagestitle â€Å"The Kite Runner† is symbolic as fighting kites and the kite runnings are impacting moments in the novel. Hassan was the best kite runner in Kabul, if not the whole country, after Amir won the kite fighting the running of that last blue kite triggered the monumental changes for Amir. For the beginning of the story the kite running was associated with Hassan’s rape and Amir’s grief. As kites appear throughout the story, they begin Amir’s story and also end it. Amir flying the kite with Sohrab

Advabtage and Disadvantage of Branding Free Essays

Everyone from countries to political parties to individuals in organisations is now encouraged to think of themselves as a brand, in which have seen the obvious success of the brand concept in past years (Geoffrey R. , 1997). Why the brand is significant? And what make the brands so attractive and successful? This article will explore the role of the brand and critically analyse the advantages and disadvantages of branding. We will write a custom essay sample on Advabtage and Disadvantage of Branding or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Brands and Branding Some analysts see brand as the promise of something.That something is intangible, but it could be a guarantee of quality, a sense of prestige, or of heritage. Everything the customer experiences in the process of evaluation, trial, purchase, and adoption is a verification of the original promise (Chuck Brymer, 2003) (see Figure 1). Over time, brands have become important as they set an expectation of quality or price. Figure 1. The promises and verifications of a brand Source: Chuck Brymer (2003) Brands and Branding-What makes brands great. P. 69 Today brands represent more than a product, service or brand identity.As Melissa Davis pointed out that a brand is synonymous with the business and the style behind the product or service; it involves the people working for the company and a philosophy and spirit that sustains. Bands offer sets of values, a vision and even an attitude. The interaction between the brand and consumer is at the heart of managing the brand perception. This is where branding happens: it is the communication that aids create and sustain a relationship between the organisation and its customer (Melissa Davis, 2005).Thus good branding should engage. Branding is very important because its relationship and impact on the world we live in. To each company, it is particularly important in helping position the product in the minds of the product’s target market. The combined value of the world’s biggest brands is fundamental to the global economy that brands are now one of the most powerful tools in the world and account for one-third of the world’s wealth. The statistics has shown that the annual income of the five largest business corporations are more than double the combined Gross National Product of the 500 poorest countries (Rita, C. and John, 2003). It is hence that brands have the influence and power to change society, as the role of branding has increased in scope and significance. The most well-known company to brand components is Intel (Ranked No. 7 in Table 1) with its famous â€Å"Intel Inside† slogan. Intel’s success has led many other business-to-business companies and even non-profits to incorporate branding within their overall marketing strategy.In terms of marketing value of a brand, known as brand equity, is constituted of five main factors: brand awareness, perceived quality, strong brand associations, high brand loyalty and other assets such as legal protection and a good distribution network (Aaker, 1991). The following Section will describe how branding strengthen brand equity for enormous benefits. RankBrandCountryIndustryBrand Value in Millions 1 United StatesBeverages$70,452 2 United StatesBusiness Services$64,727 3 United StatesComputer Software$60,895 United StatesInternet Services$43,557 5 United StatesDiversified$42,808 6 United StatesRestaurants$33,578 7 United StatesElectronics$32 ,015 8 FinlandElectronics$29,495 9 United StatesMedia$28,731 10 United StatesElectronics$26,867 Table 1. Best global brands 20100 Source: Interbrand 2010 Website 3. Advantages of Branding Branding can carry different benefits for all parties involved in the exchange process and in theory branding makes it easier to buy and to sell a product (Brassington Pettit, 2003).It is therefore important to look at the benefits of branding to consumers, organizations (manufacturers and retailers) and society respectively. In today’s competitive and crowded marketplace, branding creates customer value b ecause it reduces both the effort and the risk of buying. It helps in faster spreading of product knowledge, which helps the consumers to decide in favor of the brand over the others available in the market. When someone goes shopping at Morrison for example, strong brand names make it easier for the customer to locate and identify the suitable product needed.It promises and delivers high level of assurance to consumers. Branding may also enhance the customer’s experience aesthetically and psychologically (Melissa Davis, 2005); through branding, consumers can form some sort of attitudes and feelings towards the product. This builds brand loyalty towards the brand by the consumer, which assists decision making by building trust, familiarity and assurance of a certain standard. It is the way of expression of individual’s personality and what they stand for. To some extent it meets the aspirations of customers as well.That is why people regularly ask for a ‘Coke’ rather than a cola. Furthermore, Branding increases the innovation potential of manufacturers, and leading to more variety and consumer choice. From a manufacturer’s perspective, branding has distinct advantages in many ways. By observing the brand equity and benefits of branding listed in Table 2, the main interest of branding to a manufacturer is that it builds a high brand loyalty; in turn generate higher and more stable sales and profits. High brand loyalty can help the consumer to overcome any price change of the product.In recent years, Nike and Sony have been able to establish such strong brand loyalty that price changes for a particular product might not matter too much in the consumer’s mind. Brand loyalty also can reduce the marketing cost, because it is cheaper to retain an existing loyal customer than to attract a new one. Meanwhile, branding raises brand awareness which gives the manufacturer and the brand a sense of trustworthiness and the image of commitment. Well-known brands also bring about more interest and trust by retailers, and make easier access to the distribution channel. It ill be more support from the distribution and makes the manufacturer hold power to competitive actions. Brand equity componentsBenefits Brand awareness? Brand in evoked set ?Influence on attitude and perceptions ?Anchor for associations ?Signal of substance/commitment High brand loyalty? Reduced marketing costs ?Trade leverage ?Attracting new customers ?Time to respond to competitive threats Perceived quality? Price premium ?Differentiation/positioning ?Channel member interest ?Brand extension potential Strong brand associations? Differentiation/positioning ?Memory retrieval potential ?Brand extension potentialTable 2. Brand equity components and branding benefits Source: Patrick D. P. and Maggie G. (2004) Marketing Communications. P. 57 Another important advantage of branding to the manufacturer is that it helps the marketing manager when determining a competitive strategy for the product. Branding makes product positioning efforts more effective. When customers link benefits with a particular brand, the brand may have attained a significant competitive advantage. In the other words, a brand can stay in the crowded market longer and more profitably because it has been created properly by effective branding.Simultaneously, manufacturers can charge a premium for the brand such as Mercedes Benz, Louis Vuitton, De Beers, because the valuable product they provided can be reliability, safety, and more pleasure with prestigious services. Moreover, manufacturers that develop a successful brand can extend the brand by adding new products under the same â€Å"family† brand. Such branding may allow manufacturers to introduce new products more easily as the brand is immediately recognised by the consumer since the brand is already accepted within the market. Successful brand – Kellogg’s is a good example of this.It has a range of breakfast cereals all under the Kellogg’s brand umbrella. Each product has its own marketing budget and often competes for a similar consumer. Over time each of these products became a brand in its own right. Each of these Kellogg’s brands has taken on a life of its own to such an extent that they have been extended into the growing breakfast snack bar market (Melissa Davis, 2005). For the retailers, branding improve the image of the store, and attract customers. And as branded products are advertised and promoted, they can benefit from lower selling costs and a higher inventory turn. . Disadvantage of Branding Apart from the power and attractiveness of branding, while there are some disadvantages of branding as well, This Section will examine those drawbacks and challenges. In fact, branding can be very expensive because costs of marketing and advertising tend to increase. It leads to the average cost of the product goes higher and in many instances the consumer has to bear the cost. The large companies have huge branding budgets in the millions and tens of millions, but they are relatively large for most small businesses.The branding process must be outstanding and professional, or a few things will happen: prospects will pass on the products or services and go to the competitors. The company may not earn the price they are worth. And the company will have a very hard time building reputation. Most importantly, the company cannot sustain the pressure of additional expenses. Take Nissan case for example, in 1982, Nissan decided to change the name of its U. S. entry from Datsun to Nissan, the name by which the car was marketed in Japan. Over $240 million was spent on name change advertising campaign. By 1984, the Datsun name had completely disappeared. But a national survey in the spring of 1988 found that the Nissan name was no stronger than a brand name that had been dead for 5 years. It seems likely that the advertising for name change was much less effective that prior advertising. In addition, $30 million was spent just on changing dealer’s signs. The biggest cost, many hundreds of millions during these years, was the lost sales caused by name confusion. In total, the name change surely cost over $500 million and very likely it involves well over $1 billion (Aaker David, 1993).In many situations, a higher budget does not guarantee success and therefore is a loss of resource for the company. As the expense to retain the brand in customer’s mind space increases, it becomes difficult to sell the brand at a lower price. And a strong brand is memorable, but people still need to be exposed to it, this often requires a lot of advertising and public relations over a long period of time, which can be very costly. The process of branding will usually take a long period of time to reach full effectiveness.As well as creating a brand and updating the signs and equipment to expose it to the potential customers, it is commonly shown that people need to see an advert at least three times before they accept it, which means the company will need to advertise and promote the brand for a considerable amount of time before it will become well known. It is also felt that consumers become loyal to established brands and may not be willing to shift to new brands, which may prevent the new producers from entering the market and result in consumer exploitation by the market leader.Brand ing tends to increase product price, and may lead to decreased product quality eventually. Some companies disturb what made their brand great in the first place and run risk of breaking its promise. This causes erosion of the original brand idea that marginalises the customer experience. The result is that standards of products and services all go down. The expectations of loyal customer and new customer can not meet. Once a brand loses touch with its customer or ignores a potential new audience, it has lost relevance.Often the lost leadership is taking the brand for granted which treat the asset as a cash cow (Melissa Davis, 2005). 5. Conclusion Brands now play to people of every generation, social class and culture. Brand equity is the positive differential effect that knowing the brand name has on customer response to the product or service. A brand with strong brand equity is a very valuable asset. Branding is the long haul making business sustainable. It marks the future of the product and service and is the mirror of its success or failure (Melissa Davis, 2005).It is the mirror that reflects the reason of the corporation existence; it is how people perceive the corporation and it is what makes their product different and desirable by customers. But branding is not everything; companies may spend millions on creating a brand and millions more on maintaining and sustaining a brand, but equity in the brand can be lost more quickly if a brand consistently fails to engage its consumer, or if its behaviour is inconsistent with its message and values. Even so, the advantages of branding are more outweighed than its disadvantages. The key point is how to manipulate proper branding strategies under the feasible environment. Successful branding is paramount to a company’s success. Branding has been in existence for hundreds of years and has developed into modern concept that can be applied to anything from products and services to companies, not-for-profit concerns and even countries (Rita, C. and John, S. , 2003). Today most of the world’s greatest brands are American owned (as showed in Table 1), may because of America’s political, commercial and social system.But the knowledge and practice of what creates great brands can be (and is now increasingly being) applied around the world. Additionally, in this â€Å"globalised† world, nations need to compete with each other for the world’s attention and wealth. Active and conscious nation branding can help them do this, and at its best, it presents an opportunity to redistribute the world’s wealth more fairly in the future (Rita, C. and John, S. , 2003).   How to cite Advabtage and Disadvantage of Branding, Papers

Economic Implications of 3D Printing †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Economic Implications of 3D Printing. Answer: Introduction: In this new world of technology the 3D printing has travelled from theoretical to reality. They have turned cheaper in production and various models have been available for sale along with designing of products. Moreover they have been becoming common in the home. The report demonstrates the 3D printing as the additive manufacturing. It analyses whether it has been suited better for the high or low volumes of production. The situations of its value are analyzed along with the forecasts on 3D printing. Lastly it answers the way in which 3D printing could make the conventional manufacturing outdated along with it effects. 3D printing is more appropriately called as an additive manufacturing as it is a process that can be applicable for creating 3D objects from digital files. 3D objects can only be created using additive processes that includes layering of successive layers of materials until the object is considered to be fully created. These successive layers can be seen as very thin slices of cross-section of the eventual objects (Weller, Kleer Piller, 2015). It does not follows the subtracting manufacturing that includes hollowing out or cutting out materials from a complete piece of the plastic or metal substances through milling machine. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) introduced Additive Manufacturing and led to the development of seven standards that could be helpful in classifying Additive Manufacturing processes into seven categories. The above picture is a clear representation of workings of Vat Photo-Polymerization in which container is filled with photopolymer resin, after that it is being hardened through using UV light source (Campbell et al., 2011). There are three other processed involved in this process that could be corrective justification for representing it as an additive manufacturing that includes (CLIP) Continuous Liquid Interface Production, DLP (Digital Light Processing), and SLA (Stereolithography) The basic working of this printer is similar to the inkjet paper printer in which material is being applied through a nozzle of small diameter, the only difference is that it is being applied layer-by-layer in manner to build a platform to make a 3D object and after that it is being hardened by the UV lights. There are three technologies FDM, FFF, and Contour crafting that are involved in this section and this is also used to add materials and create the objects that can be represented as an evidence for its additive It involves materials into the sheets that are expected to be bounded with the external forces. Mostly used in manufacturing applications and high-tech metal industries. It deposits metal powder on a surface and multi-axis robotic hand that is connected to the nozzles used to create the object (McMenamin et al., 2014). There are basically two additive processes that are being used under this section for the creation of a 3D object that includes DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering), and SLS (Selective Laser Sintering). Liquid binder and powder base material are being used within this model creation in which as shown in the figure in the chamber in which powder is spread equally and glue is used to strengthen the object. 3D printing for high or low volumes of production: The conventional processes like the injection molding have been utilized more for the wide scale manufacturing. It has been more costly for the low volumes. Hence it is best suited for the high volumes of productions. It has been reshaping the product manufacturing and development (Xing, Zheng Duan, 2015). Through using the process of 3D printing, the engineers and designers are able to save money. As it saves time, it is regarded to be invaluable presenting the scopes to create the highly accurate model of how the new product has been looking. For the low volume manufacturers, the most costly and the labor intensive portion of the product development has been the tooling production. The 3D printers are able to remove the expenses since it eradicates the necessity for tool production that has been cutting the labor and the lead times. For high volumes there have been various benefits that are inherent to the process. This includes the capability of producing the custom parts with no cost of upfront virtually. Moreover it is capable to produce shapes that ate impossible and uneconomical (Grice et al. 2015). The situation where the 3D printing is regarded as the most valuable depends on how the value is defined. The largest market for 3d printing currently in the consumer application has been the hearing aids. The ear hearing aids are created through 3D printing. Further, the customized hip implants have been a smaller application with the value of the market is high. This is because they expenses per item has been larger. Moreover, the plastic implants and the titanium implants have been possessing potentially higher market. The other unrealized markets like the 3D printed cartilage have been about a decade way for being commercialized (Lee et al., 2016). However the osteoarthritis has been one of the leading reasons for disability in the world. The ability of 3D printing cartilage for combating the disease has been a huge market in the sector of medicine with numerous patients being helped every year. The custom fit products have been an outstanding business project for those who have been searching for 3D printing. The benefits of it over the conventional manufacturing have been that it has been permitting every part to be fit in a customized way to the customers. It has been providing better comfort with utility than the generic counterpart. The forecast by the leading research and the investment firms for the 3D printing: The respondents have been weighing in where the 3D printing for the product development has been in the current place. The leading research and the investment firms have been forecasting whether they have been investing in the in-house capabilities, outsourcing and the reasons (Loo, Chua Pumera, 2017). They have been also needing to occur for the 3D printing of the parts of the end-products for becoming the reality in large-scale. Lastly they have been determining what materials have been of highest interest. As any organization has been the committed user for the 3D printing, the outcomes have been ensuring that the same path of the peers and facing various challenges for adoption. The usage of security printing to the manufacture of products has been coming out as the current competitive advantage (Ventola, 2014). However, the organizations have not been initiating the investment fast to become the considerable disadvantage. First of all, it has been enabling the continuous digital thread. The using of the 3D printing of production has been transformative. It has been speeding up product design and speeding up the business (Radenkovic, Solouk Seifalian, 2016). Moreover it has been offering the grater design freedom and the spur innovation. The designs developed for the traditional manufacturing has been constrained by the manufacturing process requiring the creating of the distinct components assembled to generate the outcome. The technologies has been producing the objects fast incredibly and making them much costly. It has been creating the monolithic and the dense objects devoid of discernable layering. It has been the widest scope of the materials of the production in the 3-D printing market. Moreover, it giving rise to the manufacturing-as-the-service. Same as the software-as-the-service has spawned various other adjuncts, the advent of the MaaS or manufacturing-as-a-service as driven by the 3-D printing. The there is also the reduction of the waste and the development of the resource use (Moon et al., 2014). The additive manufacturing has been using the materials it has needed to create the products. The material remaining after the job gets finished, could be utilized as the subsequent jobs. Thus the 3-D printing has producing the zero waste theoretically. Conclusion: Based on the above report it can be concluded that the organizations need to identify how they could be best benefitted by the 3-D printing. They need to determine the products that are of low-volume and require altering them fast as the market dynamics alters. All these better fit for the operations of 3-D printing than the other additional products. Regarding the recommendations the following points are reminded. The printing of the curved features on the multiple planes are to be avoided: The prints with the stepping could smoothen out many times using the sand paper. The creation of the enclosed hollow features is to be avoided: The support material under the hollow feature could not be dissolved. This is because the soluble solution could not reach the material. References: Campbell, T., Williams, C., Ivanova, O., Garrett, B. (2011). Could 3D printing change the world.Technologies, Potential, and Implications of Additive Manufacturing, Atlantic Council, Washington, DC. Grice, N., Christian, C., Nota, A., Greenfield, P. (2015). 3D Printing Technology: A Unique Way of Making Hubble Space Telescope Images Accessible to Non-Visual Learners.Journal of Blindness Innovation Research,5(1). Ju, Y., Xie, H., Zheng, Z., Lu, J., Mao, L., Gao, F., Peng, R. (2014). Visualization of the complex structure and stress field inside rock by means of 3D printing technology.Chinese science bulletin,59(36), 5354-5365. Lee, J. Y., Tan, W. S., An, J., Chua, C. K., Tang, C. Y., Fane, A. G., Chong, T. H. (2016). The potential to enhance membrane module design with 3D printing technology.Journal of Membrane Science,499, 480-490. Lee, V. K., Kim, D. Y., Ngo, H., Lee, Y., Seo, L., Yoo, S. S., ... Dai, G. (2014). Creating perfused functional vascular channels using 3D bio-printing technology.Biomaterials,35(28), 8092-8102. Loo, A. H., Chua, C. K., Pumera, M. (2017). DNA biosensing with 3D printing technology.Analyst,142(2), 279-283. McMenamin, P. G., Quayle, M. R., McHenry, C. R., Adams, J. W. (2014). The production of anatomical teaching resources using three?dimensional (3D) printing technology.Anatomical sciences education,7(6), 479-486. Moon, S. K., Tan, Y. E., Hwang, J., Yoon, Y. J. (2014). Application of 3D printing technology for designing light-weight unmanned aerial vehicle wing structures.International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology,1(3), 223-228. Radenkovic, D., Solouk, A., Seifalian, A. (2016). Personalized development of human organs using 3D printing technology.Medical hypotheses,87, 30-33. VAT Photopolymerisation | Additive Manufacturing Research Group | Loughborough University. (2017).Lboro.ac.uk. Retrieved 18 October 2017, from https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/amrg/about/the7categoriesofadditivemanufacturing/vatphotopolymerisation/ Ventola, C. L. (2014). Medical applications for 3D printing: current and projected uses.Pharmacy and Therapeutics,39(10), 704. Weller, C., Kleer, R., Piller, F. T. (2015). Economic implications of 3D printing: Market structure models in light of additive manufacturing revisited.International Journal of Production Economics,164, 43-56. Xing, J. F., Zheng, M. L., Duan, X. M. (2015). Two-photon polymerization microfabrication of hydrogels: an advanced 3D printing technology for tissue engineering and drug delivery.Chemical Society Reviews,44(15), 5031-5039.

A Comparison of Arthur Dimmesdale and Pearl essays

A Comparison of Arthur Dimmesdale and Pearl essays In The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale and Pearl are two essential characters. Because they are father and daughter, they have some similar qualities, but also some different ones. The apple does not fall far from the tree: the apple is the child of the tree (the parent); therefore, it inherits similarities in personality, but it also retains its own individual qualities. Dimmesdale and Pearl share few similar traits, but Hawthorne makes these similarities significant. Passion greatly affects the lives of both Dimmesdale and Pearl. Dimmesdale commits adultery a sin of passion. Pearl inherits all this enmity and passion [ . . . ] by inalienable right (Hawthorne 87). From the moment Hester Prynne gives birth to her daughter, the sin of adultery marks Pearl permanently just as the scarlet A marks her mother. Throughout the entire novel, Pearl serves as a symbol of Dimmesdale and Hesters passion. Although the same force of passion affects Dimmesdale and his daughter, he makes the choice to commit adultery while Pearl does not have the power to decide to be borne out of a sin. This sin inflicts grief upon both the father and daughter. Dimmesdale, overcome with a great horror of mind, feels a gnawing and poisonous tooth of bodily pain because his guilt haunts him (Hawthorne 136). It continues to haunt him for as long as he refuses to confess to the sin. Grief also bears a heavy weight on Pearl, not just her father. Hawthorne writes, Nothing [is] more remarkable than the instinct, as it [seems], with which the child [comprehends] her loneliness (86). Not only does Pearls father refuse to acknowledge her as his daughter, but also the children of the town refuse to allow her to play with them. How can she not be grief stricken? The mutual love between her mother and herself helps Pearl to cope with the grief; neithe...

How to Write a Quantitative Policy Analysis for a Research Essay

How to Write a Quantitative Policy Analysis for a Research Essay Writing a research essay requires you, as a student, to gather multiple sources and establish a context in which you can situate your thesis statement. This is generally considered a more complex piece of writing, one where you will develop your idea, build the researched context for the argument you are making, and structure the paper accordingly. Writing a research essay requires reading and analytical skills. You have to contribute something to the academic dialogue by placing your unique idea within the context of existing academic research. You have to expound upon your skills and resources in academic research, apply your reasoning skills, closely review published work and write in such a way as to blend your work into the research of others. The steps to completing the work involve: Selecting your topic Researching the topic Writing about your topic The problem is that while this appears simple, students often struggle with a topic that is too general, or an improper use of sources, inadequate sources, or a lack of research question. That said, selecting the topic means you have to brainstorm potential ideas, or take the broad idea provided to you by your teacher and narrow it down until it is just so narrow that you can really delve deeply into it. If your topic is too broad, it will be shallow and you will be able to say a great many things about the topic, but they will all be superficial in nature. The narrow topic, on the other hand, allows you to select one part of the topic and review it in depth. This affords you the opportunity to conduct additional analysis on the subject. The essay requires a research question to follow. The research essay then allows you to answer a question related to your topic or address a controversy related to the topic. You can review research questions that you discover by researching sources related to your topic. You might find that there are multiple areas of controversy which require deeper investigation. Structure The structure of your paper must have the following three definite sections: The introduction is where you offer a brief background for your reader and where you state your research question. You must always state the research question in the introduction, and most students find it is best to do so in the last sentence of your introduction. The body is the main dish to your writing meal. It is good to break it down into the different, relevant headings relating to the different aspects of the topic you have selected. Ask yourself what issues you have to cover if you want to answer your research question. You may need to include a section in your body where you answer or refute the arguments made by an opposing author, or where you present your case for accuracy, or where you describe the controversy in an in-depth fashion. The conclusion is where you summarize the research in tandem with the answers you found to your original research question. To conclude and complement this guide we invite you to check our 20 topics and a sample essay on quantitative policy analysis for a research essay along with 10 facts to back you up. CustomWritings is a reliable essay helper for college students. Contact our writing service and enjoy it online!

LEB1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

LEB1 - Essay Example Breyer stated that â€Å"a judges job is to figure out how the Founding Fathers values apply to modern issues.† (CBS News 2011). In the United States our courtrooms operate under the adversary system. The finder of fact (the person or persons who decide which facts are the true facts) can be a judge or a jury. When the fact finder is a jury, the individual members of the jury, known as jurors, collectively decide the true facts. (Find Law 2011). The standard of proof is different in criminal and civil cases. In a civil case the jury assesses the facts according to what they believe is â€Å"more probably true than not.† This has been compared to just going over the 50 yard line in football. In criminal cases jurors must be convinced that the facts are true â€Å"beyond a reasonable doubt.† The jurors must be representative of the community in which the trial is being conducted. (Find Law 2011). â€Å"At the beginning of the trial, the judge may order that more jurors be seated than are required for the verdict. These extra jurors are known as alternate jurors, and they are selected to guard against the possibility that some of the jurors will become ill or otherwise be unable to complete the trial. An alternate would attend the trial along with the regular jurors, but would not be called to participate in reaching a verdict unless one of the regular jurors was unable to continue. †¦ it is important for alternate jurors to always pay attention to testimony because they may be required to participate in the verdict should another juror be unable to complete his or her service.† (Find Law 2011). Lawyers are the link between our legal system and the society that legal system affects. The legal system affects society in almost everything the people in our society may do. For this reason lawyers are held to the highest

Golden Age of Hollywood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Golden Age of Hollywood - Essay Example Katharine Hepburn was born in May 12, 1907, growing up in Hartford environs, Connecticut in a loving family, she attended her primary education at the Kingswood-Oxford School located in Hartford and later she attended college at Bryn Mawr. She in history and philosophy in the year and it is here she knew and later married Ludlow Ogden Smith, Katharine’s acting interest developed from college by participating in plays. Immediately after graduating, the next day she travelled to Baltimore where she met a producer, Eddie Knopf who cast her to play in various local routine productions. This marked as her start in professional acting and by 1928; she began to be known in Broadway in the plays like â€Å"These Days.† During this period, Katharine appeared in several plays but she developed a reputation of arguing with directors and was therefore, dismissed from several productions (Edwards 125).  Ã‚  Katharine’s success in the studio system came in 1932 when she play ed Amazon princess in a lead role in the play â€Å"The Warrior’s Husband.† George Cukor a director from Radio-Keith-Orpheum pictures was excited on how she played this role and decided to give her first role in a movie. She accepted to work with him and demanded a high salary in the film â€Å"A Bill of Divorcement† where Katharine’s performance was highly praised. She worked with Cukor in many other movies and therefore, raising to stardom. In 1933, Katharine won her first Oscar.... That same year she had an astounding performance as Jo in the successful screen adaptation of â€Å"Little Women.† Further, she had her second Oscar nomination in 1935 after appearing in the film â€Å"Alice Adams† and she became a rising star (Edwards 177). However, after her success, Katharine had a series of box-office failures threatening her career. The films â€Å"Spitfire,† and â€Å"Break of Hearts† in 1934 failed in box office while in 1935 â€Å"Sylvia Scarlett† did not do well. Further, â€Å"Mary of Scotland† in 1936 and â€Å"Quality Street† made in 1937 failed to succeed. It is was disappointing that even the film â€Å"Bringing Up Baby† created in 1938 that paired Katharine with the star Cary Grant as a comedy was not appreciated by the public although today it is honored as a comedy classic. In 1938, Katharine failures continued as she was voted â€Å"Box Office Poison† in 1938, which was largely because o f her reputation of failing to follow the behavior expected of super stars. She often refused to put on makeup, she wore trousers at the time when they were not fashionable for women, she did not want to give autographs or pose for photographs, and refused to talk to reporters (Edwards 224). Katharine fought to bring back her career success and she left Hollywood to find a stage project. She accepted an offer to star in Philip Barry’s play â€Å"The Philadelphia Story† that highlighted a character incorporating humor, aggression, nervousness, and vulnerability. She financed part of the play together with Howard Hughes and bought the film rights that were used in its creation. The play came out in 1940, it was an immediate success going for two fruitful tours, and Katharine

Persussive Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Persussive Speech - Essay Example I will briefly discuss how adoption of technology, especially in the business sector, influences positive changes. One way is that technology has brought about the innovation if machines and equipment that works automatically. Work automation is a process that seeks to reduce the amount of work done by employees and the time used to accomplish a task (Comin & Miesteri, 2010). By implementing the adoption of technology, work becomes achievable in minimal time and with little labor force. However, technology compares not at all to the need for human labor and is therefore, not a replacement to employees. In other words, automation puts fewer burdens on employees by reducing their workload. As a result, workers focus on other projects and achieve better quality output plus doing so in a shorter time. Consequently, introduction of technology in the organization provides easy storage. With the need to document every single process, the amount of paperwork in the company increases by the day. With limited space, storage becomes a burden. Nevertheless, technology provides a solution for virtual storage of documents in secure clouds. This greatly reduces the need for hardcopy paper work thus saving on storage space. Moreover, the need to hire storage space from outside diminishes significantly saving on costs. Technology also spearheads the organization’s target to improve security of information, a vital requirement in any organization’s success. Information stored virtually, allows access only to authorized individuals through password protection. Furthermore, enhancing security within the network by using protocols that encode classified data diminishes security threats especially during transmission of data. Very importantly, virtual storage of data in clouds creates data backup. Therefore, any information lost or unintentionally deleted becomes retrievable via data recovery methods. This in turn, creates credibility for a firm because of proper and

The Alcohol Advertising And Adolescent Drinking Media Essay

The Alcohol Advertising And Adolescent Drinking Media Essay Alcohol is the most popular recreational drug in America, so beer and liquor companies advertise on various television channels. Recent research has discovered cable television shows with a significant proportion of teenage viewers are also those that have the most commercials for alcohol. There are many explanations why adolescents are influenced in to drink alcohol and there is reason to believe television advertisements have a large role. As alcohol advertisers turn towards cable television the exposure to younger viewers will escalate. The amount of money spent on alcohol advertising on cable television increased by 137% from 2001 to 2006. The extra money spent attributed to an increase of the number of alcohol commercials by 176% (Chung, Garfield, Elliott 2010). With over double the amount of new advertisements many alcohol companies started to compete against each other for the best commercials. For instance, Miller lite aired a commercial about a group of friends at a bar who all agree their one friend is unmanly for ordering a Bud lite. Competitive advertising of alcohol has resulted in new branding techniques that are effective across all viewers including the adolescent audience (Jones Jernigan, 2010). Assessing the influence of alcohol advertising on peoples drinking habits is a challenging task. Alcohol is an adult product, yet most underage consumers are already aware of its existence. This unavoidably limits the potential effects that alcohol advertising could have on increasing overall consumption. Due to the existing popularity of this product, advertisers focus on creating an appealing brand rather than increasing the total market. While new consumers are not advertisers target, the power of alcohol advertising campaigns to shape consumption habits cannot be neglected. Criticism has been directed toward alcohol advertising, particularly regarding the use of image (lifestyle) advertising, and its potential influence on adolescent alcohol consumption. This research study sought to determine if adolescents who drink, or intend to drink alcohol at some future time, find image advertisements for alcohol more appealing than product advertisements. 40 college students, ages 18 to 20, volunteered to fill out the survey. This study is focused on attitudes and beliefs towards alcohol brands and advertising rather than on consumption behavior. Attitudes and beliefs about alcohol advertisements are not irrelevant to understanding how advertising might influence consumption. Evidence of an association between preference for image advertisements and intent to drink in the future has been found in previous studies and experiments. When considering whether advertising has an impact upon young peoples alcohol intake, it is important to recognize that drinking alcohol can be influenced by a range of psychological, social and environmental factors. Parents, siblings, and groups of friends can have a significant influence. They can provide behavioral role models and establish a positive attitude towards drinking. Although this research survey is concerned with the effects of advertising of alcoholic beverages on adolescents alcohol consumption, it is beneficial to understand the other factors associated with the onset of alcohol related behavior. Surveys of teenagers and young adults have determined that alcohol consumption is often significantly related to peer-group influences. A particularly powerful predictor of their drinking behavior is whether their friends drink alcohol. Research has indicated that adolescents may be especially inclined to consume alcohol if their best friend also does. It was also found that if a teenagers best friend drank they were more likely to label themselves as a drinker (Wilks, Callan Austin, 1989). In a televised commercial for 1800 tequila an actor posed the question, What ever happened to best buddies? He goes on to demean people who have hundreds of virtual friends online then finished the commercial with the statement, A buddy is somebody who you share your 1800 tequila with. Parental influences can have important effects on teenager alcohol consumption as well. Most of the time parental rules about drinking come into conflict with peer-group norms. These rules may exert a powerful influence over teenagers expressed intentions to drink alcohol in the future, possibly weakening those intentions. However, such effects may be limited to young people who have so far not felt any social pressures to drink from their peer group. Teenagers with friends who drink may be more likely to reject family restrictions on alcohol consumption especially if they had their own involvements that lead to positive experiences about alcohol. An important note to keep in mind is further evidence has indicated that drinking onset is not a simple matter of copycat behavior. Dissimilar young people make different assessments of relevant group activities and beliefs linked to drinking (Thomsen Rekve, 2006). According to the World Health Organization, alcohol advertising can produce positive perceptions of drinking in all people and as an outcome young people may be more susceptible to possessing pro-drinking attitudes. The World Health Organization has two reasons to believe why advertising can cause this. The first of these is that exposure to alcohol advertising over time can lead young people to perceive drinking as a normal behavior and, as a result, an activity in which they wish to participate. The second reason is that alcohol advertising may reach children and encourage alcohol consumption well before they are legally old enough to purchase the product. In a survey with children, the majority answered that they believed alcohol advertising can cause alcohol consumption. This discovery along with evidence that mere awareness of alcohol advertisements could be linked to positive beliefs about alcohol, which is in turn related with future intent to drink. In this context, there is no surprise that liking of alcohol advertisements has also emerged as a significant factor in understanding potential effects (Babor, 2003). In 1984 an experiment was led by Kohn and Smart who showed a recording of Super Bowl 1982 to 125 male college students. Three versions of the program were produced that included zero, four or nine beer advertisements. Refreshments were available and among the drinks, participants could choose from soft drinks or beer. One half of the students were given immediate access to beer while the second half had to wait 30 minutes before given beverages. When beer was available it was consumed and the delay in beer resulted in compensatory behavior in the second group who had the largest amount of consumption. This experiment found that when alcohol advertising occurred there was a temporary upward in beer consumption. Even in conditions where consumption was decreasing, a first time appearance of beer advertisement could temporarily boost consumption again (Kohn Smart, 1984). Kohn and Smart conducted a similar experiment with college women except the independent variable was switched with w ine. This experiment proved women consumed more wine when they saw four or more wine advertisements compared to none. These results indicate that television alcohol advertising is capable of triggering a short term effect on alcohol consumption. Such studies may demonstrate the ability of advertisements to shape a preference for one type of drink over another, but they do not indicate anything about the role advertising might play in the genesis of alcohol consumption in individuals (Kohn Smart, 1984). Alcohol advertising is often associated with sports and athletic activities. For example Coors beer had a campaign that honored multiple athletes including the Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback John Elway. Advertisements that feature athlete images tend to perpetuate both the brands and consumers denial of potential consequences of drinking. Along with athletic imagery, critics view other lifestyle imagery as inappropriate. Some alcohol advertisements give the consumer an unrealistic view of what the products do, how they make the consumer feel, and how they fit in with an individuals lifestyle. For instance alcohol may be portrayed in a commercial as a reward at the end of a work day. In advertisements drinking is often viewed as a complement to a celebration of life. Certain television advertisements present alcohol as having the ability to make an individual attractive to the opposite sex or a romance booster. For example, Bud Lite Lime had a commercial on Ultimate Flight Club 132 featuring a young attractive women lying across hundreds of limes. She was not dressed and the limes were used to censor her private parts. She also had a tattoo on her rear end of a Bud Lite Lime logo. Even though she was not holding a beer, this television commercial led the viewers to associate sex and attractive women with Bud Lite Lime. Some critics agree alcohol commercials are associated with sexual imagery more than any other products (Fox, Krugman, Fletcher, Fisher 1998). I conducted an original research survey involving students, ages 18 through 20, from Temple University located in Philadelphia. The questions pertained to the students memory of alcohol advertisements they were exposed to while watching their normal television shows. The goal was to determine how many underage students were exposed to alcohol advertising through the television medium. The survey also sought to determine what kind of advertising appeal techniques they noticed and how they felt about the advertisements. These seven multiple choice questions were asked to 40 college students: How many hours a day, on average, do you watch TV? a. Never; b. less than one hour; c. 1-2 hours; d. 2-3 hours; e. More than 3 hours What are your favorite types of television programs? (Circle all that apply) a. Reality TV; b. Music related/music video; c. Game shows; d. Talk shows; e. Sitcoms/comedies; g. Drama; h. Nature; i. Sports; j. News. Do you ever see alcohol advertisements while watching TV? a. Yes; b. No. What do you remember about any of these TV ads you saw? (Circle all that apply) a. An animal or cartoon like character; b. The people drinking look attractive or sexy; c. A great party was happening; d. The actors who were drinking were physically attracted to each other; e. The people drinking looked like they had strength and athletic ability; f. The people in the advertisements looked popular or part of the in-crowd; g. The ads were funny or amusing; h. The ads portrayed drinking as a great way to meet people; i. the ads discussed contests and prizes; j. I remember the alcohol brand. Did anyone in any of the TV ads look like they could be under 21 years old? a. Yes; b. No. As a whole, did the TV ads you see make you think any of the following? (Circle all that apply) a. Drinking was a boring thing to do; b. Drinking was a good way to get guys or girls; c. Drinking was important for a real good party; d. Drinking will make you popular; e. drinking was fun or funny; f. drinking could be harmful to your health; g. It is better for people to drink responsibly; h. It is better for people to wait until they are 21 to drink; i. The advertisements had no effect at all on what I thought or felt. The role of alcohol advertising appeal was investigated in further longitudinal research that followed though 18-year olds until the age of 21 years old. The study had 630 participants and examined the effect of televised alcohol advertising and allegiance to specific brands of beer. The results found that earlier liking of televised alcohol advertisements and accompanying brand allegiance were associated with greater volume of beer consumption later on. Many self-reports of aggressive behavior from the participants were associated with drinking. Almost all of these individuals expressing aggressive behavior were documented with liking alcohol advertisements when the experiment began (Casswell Zhang, 1998). Although many critics recognize that college students decisions to drink often come from peer pressure, the images presented in advertising positively reinforce such decisions. Alcohol is the most popular recreational drug in America, so beer and liquor companies advertise on various television channels. Recent research has discovered cable television shows with a significant proportion of teenage viewers are also those that have the most commercials for alcohol. These advertisers are reaching the wrong demographic and are certainly affecting the younger audiences. (The Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth) Should alcohol advertising be modified to limit exposure to underage viewers? There are many explanations why adolescents are influenced in to drink alcohol and there is reason to believe television advertisements have a large role. As alcohol advertisers turn towards cable television the exposure to younger viewers will escalate. The amount of money spent on alcohol advertising on cable television increased by 137% from 2001 to 2006. The extra money spent attributed to an increase of the number of alcohol commercials by 176%. (Schuster) With over double the amount of new advertisements many alcohol companies started to compete against each other for the best commercials. For instance, Miller lite aired a commercial about a group of friends at a bar who all agree their one friend is unmanly for ordering a Bud lite. Competitive advertising of alcohol has resulted in new branding techniques that are effective across all audiences including the adolescent audience. (Jones) The use of iconic characters, humor, and sexual innuendo are some methods used in alcoholic commercials that evidently attract younger viewers. For example, Keith Stone is portrayed as an influential character who acts smooth because he always has a 30 pack of Keystone. The Most Interesting Man in the World is another iconic character that many underage viewers can relate to the product Dos Equis. Young people can also be drawn to the music used in these commercials and associate the songs with the alcoholic product. It is true that no matter what anybody does, teenagers will never stop viewing TV. It is also true that alcohol companies have to support their business somehow. Just like any other company, advertisements are important to get a product out there and known. However, it is possible to do it in a way where they do not have to make drinking look so appealing to younger kids. Companies could easily not use sex appeal or partying in their ads and still get their product out and known to everyone.

Low Wage Jobs and Barbara Ehrenreichs Nickel and Dimed Essay -- Pover

McDonalds, Wal-Mart, and cleaning services: all of these have one thing in common-they are all minimum wage jobs. Their pay is low and work load high, and because of this living as a low wageworker is never easy. One must handle many hardships in order to make a few meager dollars, with which most cannot sufficiently live. 'The 'living wage' in the United States is between $9-10.18; sounds great to a college student, but in the real world this kind of money just isn't going to cut it,' (Ramisch). Minimum wage standards for American workers rest at $5.15 per hour, and in such slighted fields, very few make much more than that, perhaps $6-7, but even that is a rarity. The material life of a low-income employee includes bare necessities and next to zero luxuries. These workers often live paycheck to paycheck and never have a moment to fully enjoy life because they are constantly working, supporting themselves, and/or their families. Barbara Ehrenreich tries capturing this unackn owledged side of low wageworkers in her book, Nickel and Dimed, when she goes undercover as a fellow employee. Her real life accounts are noted as accurate and shocking as she brings the severity of poverty to the forefront for many Americans (Ehrenreich 3). She portrays the lives of millions in one simple novel, and it is through this piece of literature that so many relate and feel less estranged in the overall scheme of things. This relation is especially true for three young women, Brandyll Powers, Whitney James, and Charity Pouge all of whom are forced to live on their scanty incomes in today's society. These interviewees discuss their daily struggles of living on minimum wage and how they are active representations of Ehrenreich?s novel. .. ...idden truths and in essence, portrays a minimum wage worker quite well. But for those that must live this life style on a daily basis, simply writing about their injustices will never be sufficient. Government action is the next needed step to help modify minimum wage, and the answer is clear: raise the accepted standard. However, with all the other issues in this country, when will the government finally realize it is time to take action? Works Cited Ehrenreich, Barbara. Nickel and Dimed. New York: Henry Holt, 2001. James, Whitney. Telephone Interview. 16 March 2006. Pouge, Charity. Personal Interview. 14 March 2006. Powers, Brandyll. Personal Interview. 14 March 2006. Ramisch, Claudia. ?Living on Minimum Wage.? ENGL 1302H Class Presentation, Kentucky Wesleyan College, Owensboro, KY. 13 March 2006.

Lack of technology at my work

The term technology is a concept that deals with the knowledge and usage of tools and crafts and how its ability to control and adjust to the environment is affected. Technology also refers to material object that are useful to human nature. They include machines, hardware or utensils amongst other things, at times; it encompasses systems, organizational methods, and techniques. The term can also be generally applied or to specifically applied to specific areas: medical technology, computer technology or construction technology. It has made it easy for people to research on the internet both academic and general information. Different people have done researches and are still doing and making it available to the net. This therefore means that for works of any company to improve their performance and compete favorably with others, they need enough equipment in their offices so that they can acquaint themselves with knowledge. Lack of or not enough of these equipments will lead to the incompetence of the workers hence low productivity.   (Borgmann, 2006) Thomas Friedman in his book the world is flat tries to look at technology and its effect on Globalization. To him its technology that has made the world to become a small village. Technology started when man realized the need to make his work easier. In the attempt to make hunting easier, man invented the weapon from the stones; there was also the invention of fire. These discovery helped increase the availability of food and the wheel invention assisted humans in traveling and environmental control. This was due to the need to improve the livelihood of the man. As the time moved by and with the increase of population, there also arose the need for man to supplement his food. He was to move from hunting and gathering and start cultivating some crops. This cultivation was to be done with the aid of tool hence technology. However, the recent development in various fields like printing press internet and telephone have has greatly made it easier to communicate. It has made human beings to interact as they share ideas on a global scale as Friedman puts it. In a local setting, information flow in the country moves very first to the citizens with the help of mass media. People now can access any information via the internet and also through their mobile phones. This is as a result of technology. The convergence of media has done a great improvement and raised the standards of living. Doctor nowadays can monitor the patient from far using different communicative devices connected to the patient. Operation in the theatres by medical doctors is now easily done with the use of computers. (Thomas 2005) Technology however is made to make the work more efficient and time saving. For any substantial development at any industry, technology becomes a major driving issue. This is because the workers need to get the necessary support as they do the work. Having enough computers in the office for instance makes it easy for the worker to perform their duties effectively hence the productivity will go high as everybody will be doing his or her best. Lack of the same hinders some or rather reduces performance as more time will be on none constructive issue as they wait for the few to be shared. However, as we embrace technology, we have to look at both the positive and negative effectives. This is to say that it has had some negative impact to the society and its surroundings in a several ways. In the places where we have industries, there is pollution of the environment hence affecting people’s health. According to the report of June 2000, on the effect of mobile phone, it says that mobile phones are good devices to use but their side effects are immense. For instance, there develops ear cancer if overused and can even cause importance to men when exposed to private parts for a long time because of the radiations they emit. (Borgmann, 2006) Technology also has got negative impact on the social values. It is because is the accessibility  Ã‚   to different cultural orientations across the world. This complexity whereby some are constructive while others are destructive might be harmful especially to young ones. The issue of pornography for instance is now an issue at hand. How can it be stopped, remains the big issue with technology? Is it at the uploading side or at the down loading side? The mode of dressing too is borrowed from the same internet which is a product of technology. Young people tent to borrow some dressing mode that do not conform to the norms and values of the society. This always brings about conflict with parents and other members of the society. In a nutshell, in any growing world, technology and development go hand in hand. It is easy and time saving. Workers therefore should be provided with enough and efficient equipment for them to be able to operate with easy. This will ensure maximum production. However as we embrace this technology, we should very careful with type of equipment that are being bought. Some of them might be outdated and instead of helping, they cause more harm than good. Others might be expansive digging deep into the company’s pocket yet its performance is not felt. (Borgmann, 2006) All in all technology is part and parcel of every day life and can not be avoided but be made available for the people use it   for good not evil.   (Bormann, 2006) Reference Borgmann, A. (2006): Technology as a Cultural Force: For Alena and Griffin; The Canadian Journal of Sociology 31 (3): 351-360. Heinzelin, J. (1999): Environment and Behavior of 2.5-Million-Year-Old Stiegler, Bernar

Acrophobia essays

Acrophobia essays Beyond acrophobia, Menzies and Clarke are conducting research into the nature of phobias in general. Prevailing theories state that phobics are aware of the inappropriateness of their fears. People suffering from different phobias supposedly have the capacity to accurately gauge levels of danger. More importantly, they know that their fears are unrealistic and exaggerated. Despite this awareness, however, phobics are unable to control their fears in relation to the lack of danger in their situation. This theory regarding phobias has been upheld by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and is one of the few pronouncements regarding phobias However, this belief has also been challenged by theorists like Beck and Emery (1985). Beck and Emery hypothesize that while phobics have an accurate assessment of danger in the beginning, this assessment gets distorted as the subjects encounter the object of their fear. People who were afraid of heights gave fairly low danger ratings while on the ground. However, their perceptions of danger went up as they went higher up the building. The Beck and Emery study thus throws doubt on the APA pronouncements regarding how phobics consistently perceive the possibility of falling and of any danger in general. A study conducted by Williams and Watson (1985) goes further, stating that the danger perceptions of phobics are already distorted prior to encountering the fear stimulus. In this study, the authors were told that they would assess their danger expectancies as they ascended a building, looking down from a balcony. Williams and Watson found that the acrophobics already had a high expectation of falling even before the experiment was started. These findings challenge both the APA and the Beck and Emery studies, showing that the phobics' perceptions of danger regarding their fear stimulus are distorted from the beginning....

black bears essays

black bears essays The presentation given on the black bears on April Second was generally to me at least too appeared almost fake. I didnt understand how he says they wouldnt attack you, and its just a bluff charge, when just this year a woman in Boonton was attacked as well as her dog by a black bear. I did realize more however upon how much we had imposed our selves on them. If I were a bear I would have attacked back or pushed back as well. It appeared that many of the people in there took this issue to heart, for example the salt and murdering man in the very beginning, though some of the people in there were stricken with ambivalency during his presentation. I see no wrong in hunting a bear, be it may a simple task you dont have make it one. The man who gave the presentation was refereed to as the Jane Goodwill of the bears, I see where they would have gotten that impression, I though that he was very knowledgeable about the Black Bear. While I was sitting down the woman in front of me said, Im so glad to see you young kids hear because you people are who this really will matter to and affect...also you are the ones that can help.... That didnt really click though until after the entire presentation, honestly I thought that she was some weird environmental lady. The presentation closed out more or less with the bear were here first, they wont try to conflict with your life but sometimes they will and well have to deal with that responsibly and respectfully and so will I. ...

Analysis of previously gathered individual presentation data Statistics Project

Analysis of previously gathered individual presentation data - Statistics Project Example Part of the test statistics were to compare the performance of females versus males, the correlations amongst different types of presentation. Another test of interest was to ascertain whether the score in body language and voice of presenters displayed a difference in their mean. Generally, with regard to the performance of presenters in scope and Research of presentation, there was no much difference as displayed in Figure 2. However, female presenters registered poor performance (below a score of 2) in the scope presentation. From Table 1 and Figure 3, mean scores for presentation with regard to body language, visual aids and timing parameters were 6.8, 7.1 and 7.1 respectively across gender. There were little deviations from the mean performance across the board with the highest deviation from the mean being 1.62 for the â€Å"timing† parameter. As an assessor, I registered a mean score of 6.22 on body language and 6.45, my highest mean score, on the scope of presentation. My minimum score and maximum score, as reveled in table 2 and Figure 4, on scope and research were 4 and 8 respectively. Looking at Figure 5, my performance as a presenter was not that good compared to my performance as an assessor. This because I only scored 8 points, a presenter, on the scope of presentation compared to as an assessor where I scored 8 points on several occasions: both in scope and research. With regard to the different presentations, representation on technical literature review was on the lead with 58%. It was followed closely by presentation on international business at 41%. The least presentation was on any other test presentation that come a distance at 1%. Borrowing from Boslaugh (2012), we needed to test whether there was mean difference between body language (coded as sample b) and voice (coded as sample v) across gender. As such, we needed to formulate our

What factors determine a bond's rating Why is the rating important to Essay

What factors determine a bond's rating Why is the rating important to the firm's manager - Essay Example A manager must appreciate that when credit rating of a firm is low; it is more expensive to borrow money since firm has to pay high interest on bonds. As a result higher expenses mean lower earning per share. In the end company will earn low profits and low bond ratings.Calculation of bond rating depends on several factors, these factors are enumerated as under:- 1. If the firm is dependent on debt for its maximum operations its bond rating will be lower. 2. If firm is not making profits, it is obvious that its share value and bond rating will go down. 3. If a firm gives continuous production with little variations in output, its portfolio will be strong and bond rating will be high. 4. Big firms have strong financial reserves, these firms can absorb financial pressures and investors are comfortable to invest in these firms. Big firms have less chances to default than smaller ones therefore bond rating of these firms are generally high. Fortune 500 companies consist of big firms. 5. If loan payback capacity of a firm is high, its bond rating is high. 6. Quantitative analysis is a major factor in determining bond rating of a firm. It includes following assessment :- a. Capacity and ability of a firm to repay its debts and obligations. b. Determination of cash flow, financial stability, balance of payments and returns, capacity to pay interests, capacity to repay principle and financial cushion available to company. c. Evaluation of cash reserves, revenue, investment history and trends, market standing, current and future income trends, safe investment of its capital and projected future profits. d. History to pay back liabilities and projected capacity to pay debts. 7. Qualitative analysis is another factor in determining bond rating. It determines following :- a. Willingness and desire of the company to repay its debts. b. Overall management credibility, ongoing projects and investments, future planning and risk management. Why is the Bond rating important to t he Firm’s Manager. Bond ratings are not static and show variations depending on issuer’s financial position. Ratings are extremely important to a firm’s manager since firm’s existence depends on bonds ratings. Bond ratings are important to the firm’s manager due to following reasons:- 1. Bond rating is an indicator of default risk by the firm and therefore a measure of competence of the manager. 2. Bond rating has a direct influence on interest rate of bond and cost of debt for the firm. Low rated bonds are expensive for the firm and the manager to maintain. 3. Mostly institutions purchase bonds. These institutions are bound by law not to invest in low rated bonds. Therefore it is a matter for survival for the manager and his firm to keep bond ratings higher. 4. If the bond rating is high, investors will have confidence in the firm and invest in bonds. High bond rating indicates that it is less risky to invest in these bonds. 5. In order to succeed , a manager must display thorough understanding of markets where company’s bonds and shares are traded. Although sometimes speculative, bond ratings generally reflect approximate financial picture of a firm. 6. If a bond rating is going down, immediate corrections are required by firm’s manager. A firm manager must re evaluate for Tax shelters and avoid depreciation and losses. He must arrange assets to support borrowings and convert assets to cash if there is a requirement. 7. A manager has to appreciate that bond rating has far reaching implications for the selection and availability of capital structure and ultimate market standing of the firm. 8. A manager must realize that bond rating is an indicator for investors about future financial position of the firm. 9. There is another dimension to importance of bond ratings: many state laws demand minimum bond ratings for presentation as legal investment for insurance, pension funds, trusts and banks. If ratings are lowe r than acceptable value or fall within speculative range, firm’s market standing may collapse. 10. A firm’s desire to access capital markets is also displayed by its choice of bond rating objective.

Cardio-Vascular Diseases in Women Research Paper

Cardio-Vascular Diseases in Women - Research Paper Example CVDs ranked third of all deaths that occur in women around the globe. Death rate in women due to ischemic heart diseases is 3.4 million; stroke is 3 million and rheumatic, hypertension and inflammatory heart cases accounts for 2.2 million deaths annually. Moreover women from low and middle income nation are more expected to expire after these circulation issues as compared to the developed ones. In United States, death rate among women due to these CVDs has been calculated as 1 death per minute in 2007 (Pilote et la., 2007) (Go et al., 2014)The ethnic backgrounds also have impact on this ailment. In United States, there are considerably elevated rates for the black females who are the sufferers as compared with their white correspondents i.e 286.1 out of 100,00 blacks as equated to 205.7 per 100 000 whites. The one reason for this prevelance is related to the awareness of strokes and heart diseases that has been acknowledged to be more in white as compared to blacks (Kleindorfer et a l., 2009). Furthermore women of developing countries are at higher risks for developing cardiovascular disorders than men. Some high risk diseases for these events are diabetes, as diabetic type 2 women are at higher risk for developing circulation issues as compared to men. Age is another determining factor such as young women experiencing heart attack have higher death rate as compared to their male counterparts of similar age. Disabilities and associated complications are also more in females as compared to males.

Health and Social Care Essay Example for Free

Health and Social Care Essay Explain how a working relationship is different from a personal relationship 1. A working relationship is different because of boundaries, professional codes of conduct, employer policies and procedures. In your working relationship you would be friendly have a different approach treat with equality you would know your role and responsibility you would not share personal information as you friends. 2. You work with different people doctors family colleagues give examples of how these are different 3. As this sets out boundaries in your job role , enables you to know your role and responsibilities, knowing your own level of competence and skills, to know your job description Describe two types of working relationship in health and social care settings Relationships are probably the most involved and emotionally charged area of our lives. From the moment we are born we form relationships, each one requiring something different from us and giving us something different in return. In the health and social care setting there are many different working relationships. These relationships will include: colleagues, manager, other professionals such as doctors/district nurse, service users and their family and friends Describe why it is important to adhere to the agreed scope of the job role It is important to adhere to the agreed scope of the job role as this sets out boundaries in your job role, enables you to know your role and responsibilities. Knowing your own level of competence and skills, knowing your job description. How do you access full and up to date details of agreed ways of working in your line of work? Agreed ways of working is working within the rules set out by your employer. Following policies and procedures of the company. Important to have up to date agreed ways of working as there may be changes in policies within the law. Your company may have to implement them to help protect the vulnerable Explain two way it is important agreed ways of working at your work place When people are deeply upset about something, they need to get their story out. This is a basic principle of mediation and one that’s important to remember. Often in a conflict, the parties are so focused on minutiae that they lose sight of the big picture and its implications. As the mediator, you need to bring people back to reality by wrenching their attention away from the grain of sand and having them focus on the whole beach. Doing so may help resolution arrive at a startling speed. Explain two way it is important to work in partnership with others Partnership can be formed between a number of individuals, agencies or organisations with a shared interest. Partnerships are often formed to address specific issues and have a common reason for working together and could often formed to target a short or long term issues. In order to achieve a good partnership partners need to communicate, co-ordinate, co- operate. There are two types of partnership working: multi agency working and integrated working. Multi agency working and an integrated working Identify skills and approaches needed for resolving conflicts Increased understanding: The discussion needed to resolve conflict expands peoples awareness of the situation, giving them an insight into how they can achieve their own goals without undermining those of other people. Increased group cohesion: When conflict is resolved effectively, team members can develop stronger mutual respect, and a renewed faith in their ability to work together. Improved self-knowledge: Conflict pushes individuals to examine their goals in close detail, helping them understand the things that are most important to them, sharpening their focus, and enhancing their effectiveness. Define person centred values Person centred values means the people whom we support are able to be involved and included in every aspect of their care and support. For example: * their needs,* Assessments, * Care delivery, and, * Support planning. EXPLAIN WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO WORK IN A WAY THAT EMBEDS PERSON CENTRED VALUES. It is important to do this as person centred approaches, policies and procedures, as well as care practices should always put the people whom we support at the centre of the day-to-day activities, as well as including the residents and their families in the planning and maintaini ng of this. Explain why risk taking can be part of a person centred approach Taking risks means that you are able to choose and be in control of what you do. You need to ensure that concerns about taking risks is not stopping you living the way you want to. A risk assessment can always be carried out to see if it is possible for someone to do something that they thought would not be possible. Explain how using an individual’s care plan contributes to working in a person centred way Using an individuals care plan will ensure that the persons own needs and wishes are being met, rather than offering them a choice of what is available. Using their care plan, you can build on what they want and see where there are gaps that need to be addressed. How do you find out the history, preferences, wishes and needs of the individual? 1. You need to know their history because it may affect their care plan for example a client (service user) who has been abused will need extra support. This also includes all past health issues and possible behaviour. 2. Part of working for equality and a high standard of care it is essential that client’s wishes are expressed. This is like anyone else on the planet. A major part of the wishes possess involves their deaths i. e. , would they like to buried, would they like someone to have some of their possessions. 3. To be able to formulate a care plan you must first find out what level of care a client needs going on their individual needs. Some clients may need extra support with washing/dressing. Other may need extra therapies such as hydro or music. How do you apply person centred values in day today work taking into account the history, preferences, wishes and needs of the individual? Government policy should be founded on a clear, ambitious and measurable goal to improve the experience of patients and service users and to be delivered by a defined date. Setting an ambitious goal to improve patient experience should be reinforced by enhanced guarantees to patients with complex needs. These guarantees would include an entitlement to an agreed care plan, a named case manager responsible for co-ordinating care, and access to tableware and a personal health budget where appropriate. Explain the importance of establishing consent when providing care or support It is important to establish consent because it is a basic human right for everyone to have the choice. Much of the treatment or support the individual receives is either invasive or personal, so consent is essential as it protects providers against legal challenge. Asking for consent is also part of the codes of practice for social care. Explain what steps to take if consent cannot be readily established A capacity assessment by a qualified professional should be carried out to see if the individual has the capacity to make decisions. These steps should be taken by professionals as stated in five principles set on in the Mental Capacity Act 2005. Describe how active participation benefits an individual Active participation is an approach that enables individuals to be included in their care and have a greater say in how they live their life in ways that matter to them. The benefits of active participation can be divided into primary benefits and secondary benefits. Identify three possible barriers to active participation Physical benefits including greater activity levels. Increased independence and autonomy in what people do. An opportunity for individuals in health and social care settings to have a say in matters of direct concern to their lives. Support an individual to make informed choices Learning to communicate in an effective way and using this to inform the client of all possible choices. Everyone on this planet can communicate in one form or another you need to take the time to learn how every individual client communicates. Explain how you can use agreed risk assessments Process to support the right to make choices People who work in health and social care constitute a large and diverse workforce looking after a predominantly vulnerable population. Employees have the right to work in a healthy and safe workplace, and the people using services are entitled to care and support that is safe and takes their needs, freedom and dignity into account. Explain why a worker’s personal view should not influence an individual’s choices The consequences are that the individual making the choice may make a decision that they might later regret or worse, that has a devastating impact on their life. A person should never make a decision based purely on the personal views of others but should instead gather all the available information and decide for themselves what course of action is right for them its a case of what is good for the goose isnt always good for the gander. Describe how support an individual to question or challenge decisions conceding them that are made by others They have the right to make their own choices and decisions under the Human Rights Act, as long as the decisions they make do not put them at risk of harm or injury and they have the mental capacity to make them. You could support them to question or challenge by speaking on their behalf but you would need to know exactly what their wishes are, and record it for them to sign. Explain how individual identity and self-esteem are linked with well being Because if you dont feel good about yourself or dont have a sense of purpose or identity you tend to feel more depressed therefore your wellbeing will be effected Describe attitudes and approaches that are likely to promote an individual’s well being Using what service in adult care? Do you mean the service OF adult care? Those who give care should show respect for the elderly; be courteous, but also be friendly. Call the person by his/her last name unless invited to use the first. Dont assume that ALL elderly people have forgotten everything they ever knew and are only good at bingo anymore. Support an individual in a way that promotes a sense of identity and self-esteem The first thing is that the person is an individual in their own right you need to understand what they are about and not judge, pick the bright nuggets of information and use this as a a springboard to encourage self-esteem and their self-image. As they talk about themselves you will be able to get a sense of self and where they are in their image. You need to feedback to them what was said as positive rather than the negative if they say Ii am always failing reply with really, you at least have the guts to try something out of your comfort zone not everyone can do it the negatives must be turned to positives but it takes time and consistency and as their self-worth and esteem improves you will find they will need less and less re-enforcing Demonstrate ways to contribute to an environment that promotes wellbeing Donation centres have drop-off points for returning old things for sale to help charitable areas. The scouts, Goodwill stores do these things. Roadside, creek, gulley, beach and parks welcome clean-up crews: volunteers who help together to pick up careless refuse, windblown trash. Identify legislation relating to general health and safety in a health or social care work setting Legislations/codes of practice relating to general health and safety in a health or social care work setting are: The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974; Riddor 1995, COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health); Manual Handling operations regulations 1992; Health And Safety (First aid regulations 1981); Fire protection (Workplace) Regulations 1997; Food Safety Act 1990; Personal Protective Equipment and Management of Health and safety at work regulations 1999. Describe two main points of the health and safety policies and procedures agreed with the employer The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 is the main piece of legislation that covers work related health and safety in the workplace. The main points of the health and safety policies and procedures agreed with the employer are Minimum handling and lifting; Ensure handling and lifting is carried out correctly and safely; Making sure all materials/equipment that is needed to be used is handled, stored and used safely; To be aware of any potential hazards and risks and how to reduce to liability of any accidents occurring; To be responsible for your own welfare and the welfare of others you are looking after; To wear the correct PPE at all times; Outline the main health and safety responsibilities of: Self The employer or manager Other in the work setting The main responsibilities for yourself whilst at work in a health and social care setting are to not put yourself or others at risk, to report any hazards or unsafe conditions, to co-operate with your employers, to not tamper with or misuse equipment provided, to attend training, be aware of and follow policies and procedures. Identify tasks relating to health and safety that should not be carried out without special training It generally takes special training to repair teeth. Prescribing medicine takes special training also. Explain how to access additional support and important relating to health and safety 1. Protect service users from harm and abuse 2. Be personally fit at work 3. Maintain health and safety at work 4. Assess risk associated with work 5. Report incidents at work Exampling why it is important to access health and safety hazards posed but the working set or by particular activities Than the individual will know how to behave when it comes to that specific situation Explain how and when to report potential health and safety risks that have been identified You should report it immediately to your supervisor. You do not need to wait for an inspection team to come by. In fact, health and safety legislation requires employees to report hazards to their supervisor. Explain how risk assessments can help address dilemmas between rights and health and safety concerns This follows from the previous dilemma question. Carrying out a risk assessment supports the individual to have their choice met in the safest way possible. For example, Freda doesnt want to use her Zimmer frame any more. A risk assessment might show her that she cant walk safely without some support, however she can manage with two sticks and she agrees to compromise. You have supported her rights of choice and kept her as safe as you can under your duty of care. Describe different types of accidents and sudden illness that may occur in own work setting Cuts and burns etc. in the kitchen, falls, back injuries though poor lifting techniques, strokes, heart attacks, diabetic emergencies, asthma attacks, allergic reactions and so on. Outline the procedures to be followed if an accident or sudden illness should occur Procedures to be followed: ensuring and maintaining safety for individuals concerned and others e. g.clearing the area, safely moving equipment if possible; remaining calm; sending for help; assessing the individual for injuries; administering basic first aid if necessary and if trained to do so; staying with the injured/sick individual until help arrives; observing and noting any changes in condition; providing a full verbal report to relevant medical staff or others; completing a full written report and relevant documentation e. g. acci dent report, incident report; understanding the policies, procedures and agreed ways of working for the work setting Identify legislation that relates to moving and handling This remains the basis of health and safety legislation, and Sets out the general duties which employers have towards employees and members of the public, and employees have to themselves and to each other (HSE, 1996) HSE leaflet Health and Safety Regulation (HSC 13) 1996 The Act states that employers must ensure, as far as reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare of their employees whilst at work and any other persons affected by their business activities. The Act is a general piece of legislation and not specific to moving and handling so is not considered here in detail. Explain principles for moving and handling equipment and other objects safely The Manual Handling Operations Regulations define it as any transporting or supporting of a load (including the lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving thereof) by hand or by bodily force. In effect, any activity that requires an individual to lift, move or support a load, will be classified as a manual handling task. Identify three hazardous substances and materials that may be found in the working setting Asphyxiates Pesticides Medicines Cosmetics or Substances produced in the chemical processes Storing hazardous substances Using hazardous substances Substituting it with another substance which presents less, or no risk; Using another process which doesnt create a hazardous form of that substance. Disposing of hazardous substances and materials asbestos lead-acid batteries used engine oils and oil filters oily sludge’s solvents and solvent-based substances chemical wastes pesticides fluorescent light tubes Starting Good practice in health and safety is good for your business – and its the law. HSE is here to help – our online advice and tools can help save you time and effort getting started. Spreading Outline emergency procedures to be followed in the event of a fire in the work setting How you react in the event of fire depends on how well you have prepared for a fire emergency. Therefore, departments should ensure that all employees are familiar with the procedure to follow in the event of an emergency as outlined in the Universitys Emergency Plan. Explain why it is important to have security systems for recording and storing information in a health and social care setting Mainly because of HIPPA (Health Insurance Accounting and Portability Act) laws, which are designed to protect the medical records information of all patients. Because of HIPPA, hospital computer systems are accessed by employees via passwords, and unless an employee is entering or legitimately looking up information on a patient, that employee is not allowed to snoop through that patients records on a whim. Describe how to access guidance information and advice about handling information in your line of work ineffective or insufficiently trained management unfair treatment unclear job roles poor communications poor work environment lack of equal opportunities bullying and harassment unresolved problems from the past an increase in workload Explain what actions to take at working when there are concerns ever over the recording, storing or sharing of information The Data Protection Act requires you to process personal data fairly and lawfully. This section explains how to comply with this requirement, and gives examples of good practice in handling personal data. Explain employee’s roles and responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection Prevention and control of infection The employee’s role and responsibilities include: To ensure that their own health and hygiene not pose a risk to service users and colleagues To ensure effective hand washing is carried out when working with service users, giving personal care, handling/preparing food. To ensure they use protective clothing provided when needed and appropriate. Explain employer’s responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection Employers’ roles and responsibilities include: making sure employees are aware of the health and safety aspects of their work (e. g. posting information on notice boards, keeping an information file such as COSHH, training, and providing supervision) the need to keep records in relation to infection control using appropriate documentation to ensure that the relevant standards, policies and guidelines are available within the workplace Outline current legislation and regulatory body standards when are relevant to the prevention and control of infection relevant to the preventions and control infection The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Both employers and employees are responsible for their own actions in the Work place. All reasonable steps should be taken when carrying out your work duties and all staff should have adequate health and safety training, and measures should be taken to ensure that policies and procedures are in place and adhered to. Describe how local and organizational policies relevant to the prevention and control of the infection Employees rights and responsibilities in the relation to the prevention and control of infection are to follow company’s policies and procedures, keep themselves safe and others, report any hazards which could lead to infection, attend relevant courses, use the PPE provided, keeping the work environment clean and tidy and to maintain good personal hygiene Describe procedures and systems relevant to the prevention and control of infection Food handling, waste disposal, cross infection through skin contact or unclean equipment etc., but mainly poor practice. Illness or death, inquiry, loss of registration, criminal charges. Think about PPI, waste disposal, hand washing, cleaning and decontamination, risk assessments etc. Infection protection and control policy, health and safety policy, dealing with accidents and emergencies policy, first aid policy, food hygiene policy, medica tion (handling meds) policy etc. Explain the potential impact of an outbreak of infection on the individual and the organizational Individual Short or long term illness, secondary conditions or further complications, depression, loss of trust in setting, death. Organisation sanctions, loss of reputation and trust, closure, prosecution. Environment distress of staff, individuals and families, unsettled atmosphere though loss of trust, disruption e. g. through an investigation and inspection or decontamination. Define the term risk A situation involving exposure to danger. Outline potential risks of infection within the workplace the first part of your question relates to local policies which are dictated by local peoples views on what is important to them as well as what the professionals think is important local and organisational policies have to consider local need and available local facilities. Describe the processes of carrying out a risk assessment 1. Identify the hazards 2. Decide who might be harmed and how 3. Evaluate the risks and decide on precaution 4. Record your findings and implement them 5. Review your assessment and update if necessary Explain the importance of carrying out a risk assessment Identify hazards. Analyse or evaluate the risk associated with that hazard. Determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the hazard. In practical terms, a risk assessment is a thorough look at your workplace to identify those things, situations, processes, etc. that may cause harm, particularly to people. After identification is made, you evaluate how likely and severe the risk is, and then decide what measures should be in place to effectively prevent or control the harm from happening. Describe three different types of PPE and three USE PPE is equipment that will protect the user against health or safety risks at work. It can include items such as safety helmets, gloves, eye protection, high-visibility clothing, safety footwear and safety harnesses. It also includes respiratory protective equipment (RPE). State current relevant regulations and legislation relating PPE * Gloves- protect hands * Gowns/aprons-protect skin and/or clothing * Masks and respirators- protect mouse/ * Respirators- protect respiratory tract from airborne infectious agents. * Goggles- protect eyes * Face shields- protect face, mouth, nose, and eyes. Describe employer’s responsibilities regarding the use of PPE * It is the responsibility of employees to Ensure that they take reasonable care to protect their own health and safety and that of their co-workers and other persons in or near the workplace; * Report to management any hazardous or potentially hazardous conditions or risks that they identify in their work environment. * Participate in training provided by the employer, regarding the appropriate use, care, and maintenance of PPE. Describe employees in the application and removal of PPE The primary methods for preventing employee exposure to hazardous materials are engineering and administrative controls. Where these control methods are not appropriate or sufficient to control the hazard, personal protective equipment (PPE) is required. A work area assessment is required to determine the potential hazards and select the appropriate PPE for adequate protection. Employees must receive training which includes the proper PPE for their job, when this PPE must be worn, how to wear, adjust, maintain, and discard this equipment, and the limitations of the PPE. All training must be documented. Describe the current practices in the application and removal of PPE PPE such as gloves, aprons and masks are single use items and should be disposed of after each procedure or activity to prevent cross-transmission of micro-organisms. When these items are worn primarily to protect the wearer, the importance of their prompt removal between tasks on the same patient/client or between patients can easily be overlooked and give rise to the possibility of contamination. Describe the current procedures for disposal of used PPE Personal protective equipment – known as ‘PPE’ – is used to protect health care workers while performing specific tasks that might involve them coming into contact with infectious materials. Describe key principles of good personal hygiene Their hands are washed after theyve used the toilet Their genitals and anal area are washed every day Their face is washed daily They’re fully bathed or showered at least twice a week Describe the correct sequence for hand washing and when and why hand washing should be carried out the beginning of the shift preparing, handling and eating food donning gloves any patient contact clean/aseptic procedures entering/leaving clinical areas entering/leaving isolation cubicles preparing/giving medications using a computer keyboard in a clinical area Describe the types of products that should be used for hand washing The main products currently in use are: Soap Aqueous antiseptic hand wash solutions Alcohol-based hand rubs Others including emollient soap substitute, tea tree-oil based solutions, water-based solutions and hand wipes. Describe correct procedures that relates to skin care Work-related skin problems are very common. Although skin problems can happen in most workplaces, certain jobs present a higher risk, e. g. the health and social care sector.